Impact of the Digital Divide on the Different User Groups Free Essay Example, 3000 words

Acquiring digital technology is expensive, making it unaffordable to many people. On the other hand, its use requires knowledge and skills acquired through education, and therefore the uneducated and those lacking these skills are eliminated from the group that benefits from this technology. This is mainly what generates the digital divide. It was established through research that by 2003, the services of the World Wide Web were only accessible to a mere 7% of the world population (NielsenNetRatings, 2003). This indicates a large digital divide that still exists among the world s population. In trying to address this issue, stakeholders in social welfare understand that the right to acquire vital information is significant in the considerations of public policy formulation. In several occasions, lack of access to information has been blamed for the suffering that humans undergo. Social networking is enhanced by digital technology, meaning that for those who it is inaccessible possi bly due to poverty, a location of residents and other restrictions in regard to culture or education, it is not achievable. In order to effectively address the digital divide, it is important to understand the various aspects of digital divides that exist in the world s population. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of the Digital Divide on the Different User Groups or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now They include a difference in those living in urban and rural areas, whereby the rural areas are most likely to be inaccessible for digital technology such as broadband connections since providers of such services concentrate on urban centers. Learning institutions are also mainly located in urban centers where this technology is available, and therefore the rural communities may not get a chance to acquire skills in digital technology. There also exists a digital divide between the old and the young. As stated earlier, the digital technology that mainly reached the public sphere in the late 1990s may not be favorable to those who studied earlier unless they train once more, a factor that may be hampered by limited time due to work and other responsibilities (Tonkiss, 2006 pp. 69-73).

Essay on Same Sex Harassment - 1650 Words

Same Sex Harassment Imagine that you are in the shower of the gym at work and three co-workers enter, then hold you down to the ground while rubbing their genitalia across your bare skin. No matter what the circumstance you would find this behavior appalling and disgusting. Now think to yourself if every person involved had been a male. Would you say that they were just horsing around? I hope not. The attitude of American society and legal culture regarding sexual harassment has changed over the last 35 years. Our progressive society has finally decided to look at the issue of whether harassment of a sexual nature by a member of your same gender is included in what Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was trying to†¦show more content†¦Under Title VII there are two kinds of sexual harassment quid pro quo and hostile environment. The first, quid pro quo, is when a person in a supervisory position places the performance of sexual favors as a condition on sustaining or gaining employme nt or other employment benefits. Harassment of this type holds the employer strictly liable for all damages to the affected employee. The second, hostile environment harassment occurs when behavior by a co-worker or supervisor is pervasive enough to have a negative effect on the employee. The employer is only held liable for hostile work environment harassment when they had knowledge of the situation or the situation was so pervasive that the employer should have known about it. Despite the changing attitude towards sexual harassment in America, the courts have been divided on the issue of same-sex harassment. Several federal district courts skirted around the issue, but one court met this issue head on when Joseph Oncale filed suit in an Eastern Louisiana District Court against his former employer Sundowner Offshore Services, Incorporated. Joseph Oncale, a roustabout on an oil platform for Sundowner Offshore Services, Incorporated in the Gulf of Mexico, was approached in th e shower by co-workers and sodomized with a bar of soap. On other occasions, these co-workers, John Lyons, Danny Pippen, andShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Harassment Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesSame Sex Harassment Joseph Oncale was employed from August to November of 1991 by Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., as a roustabout on a sea-based oil rig for $7 an hour. He had worked on offshore rigs before (and does today), but says hes never encountered such abusive treatment as when he signed on with Sundowner. Oncale claims that while on the job he was sexually harassed by three male Sundowner employees: John Lyons, his supervisor; and Danny Pippen and Brandon Johnson, two co-workersRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal892 Words   |  4 PagesLove Is Love Same sex marriage is now allowed in all states across the country. But it took years and years for this â€Å"issue† to be finally laid to rest. The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was Massachusetts in 2004. There was not a last state to legalize gay marriage. The supreme court realized how many states were now legalizing it, so they just had all of the states left legalize it as well. ProCon.org supplies information that â€Å"Twenty-six states were forced to legalize gay marriageRead MoreT F Questions849 Words   |  4 Pagesdiversity means that everyone has different understandings about what sexuality means to them. 25. Bullying, homophobia and harassment can all change what you think and feel about your sexuality. 26. Acceptance of homosexuals has come far, but in society today are we near reaching an overall acceptance? 27. Homosexuals are into the opposite sex and heterosexuals are into same sex. 28. Marriage is a sacred right given to all human beings, and should not be taken away just because of sexual orientationRead MoreGay Rights in the Fire Department1610 Words   |  6 Pagesperson must be weird, stupid, or even dangerous. Though things are constantly getting better and people are beginning to be more accepting of each other some people continue to hate and cast out just because they do not have the same beliefs, sexuality, or even the same looks. The fire department has been on the business side, but people in the fire department the workers can be harmful bullies. This is not the fire departments fault but the workers that are fire fighters tend to be on the conservativeRead More A Study on Gay Parenting Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pagesand lesbian marriage and various other matters that have arisen surrounding the movement towards equality of treatment and integration into society. One of these matters that has garnered attention is gay parenting. With some states n ow allowing same-sex marriage or unions, the next step being taken is starting a family. There has been wide speculation into sexual orientation and whether it has an impact on homosexuals and their abilities to be good parents. Because of this, many people have carriedRead MoreThe Inequality Of Homosexual Individuals Face Essay1871 Words   |  8 Pagestimes is, the inequality that homosexual individuals face. Merriam Webster states homosexual means, of, relating to, or characterized by a tendency to direct sexual desire toward another of the same sex (Webster, 2016 p.1). To society if you speak, look, act different, or love someone who isn’t the same sex as you, it makes you unequal. You as an individuals aren’t allowed to be different and it be okay. In the Social Problems book under interactionist perspective it states, â€Å"In our society, no oneRead MoreOppression of a Sexual Minority in the US1421 Words   |  6 Pageslegal marriage. Because it is illegal to marry someone of the same gender. The United States of America were founded on the belief that everyone is equal and should be free to pursue happiness, yet there is oppression of a sexual minority that needs to end. Although there are many different people with many different reasons opposing same-sex marriage, such as religious or personal beliefs, it should not be illegal to marry someone of the same gender because not all people support it. According to theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1358 Words   |  6 Pageslesbians all over the world often experience harassment, bias, fear, hate and more. And, it’s all because they love someone of the same gender.The discrimination doesn’t just occur because of a same-sex couple being seen together. What gets narrow-minded people even more riled up is the thought of a same-sex couple being allowed to get married. According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, same-sex marriage is the state of being married to a person of the same sex or gender in a relationship like that ofRead MoreThe Right to Marriage for the Gays Essay532 Words   |  3 Pagesof Rights, Amendment XIV) goes along with discrimination is against the law. Allowing gay marriage ensures the people of the United States that every citizen has equal rights. It also ensures those who are coming to America that they will have the same rights as every citizen who is already here no matter the ir race, origin, values, beliefs, and religion. It says that America follows and sticks to their word. Allowing gay marriage will not only ensure equal rights, but it will also help those thousandsRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized?945 Words   |  4 PagesEveryday there are new changes that are happening in our country which will affect today’s society. Over the years same sex marriage became a massive confrontation among the world. There were sixteen states that ban same-sex marriage some by constitutional amendment, some by law, and the majority by both. Majority of the people absolutely did not want this awful law passed in America. Everybody know the right thing to do and this was not an appropriate law to be passed. â€Å"The Catholic Church, United

intellectual property rights uk Free Essays

Intellectual Property Dissertation Guide on Trade Marks and Domain Names Under the Dilution Perspective The following guide could be used by a PhD or Master Level Law student looking to write a dissertation or thesis on intellectual property, particularly trade marks and domain names under the dilution perspective. The guide has been written by a our site writer and is a detailed overview of how the work should be structured. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on intellectual property rights uk or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0 My understanding of the topic The â€Å"dilution† perspective, as you rightly point out, is a concept which has been neglected and particularly so in the UK where, in comparison with the USA at least where the first dilution statute was enacted in Massachusetts in 1947, this concept has only recently found its way into the Trade Mark Act 1994[1] and then only by the confined path of implementing the trade mark directive[2]. The Trade Mark Act 1994 is now, by all accounts, dated and it is obvious that it is not sufficient to provide the kind of advanced protection which the USA offers. The tort of passing off has been traditionally used for dilution procedures and this is clearly inadequate, leading to, in the words of Colston Middleton, â€Å"strained interpretation designed to accommodate remedies for domain name disputes†[3]. Any discussion of the dilution perspective must begin naturally with Frank Schechter’s arguments from 1927 who wanted a greater scope of protection for trade marks[4] . Schechter pointed out: â€Å"†¦the real injury in all such cases†¦is the gradual whittling away or dispersion of the identity and hold upon the public mind of the mark or name by its use upon non-competing goods. The more distinctive or unique the mark, the deeper its impress upon the public consciousness, and the greater its need for its protection against vitiation or dissociation from the particular product in connection with which it has been used†.[5] Schechter’s views are acknowledged as a talisman for those who advocate greater expansion and protection for trade marks and are the theoretical base of the dilution perspective. Consequently his views must be the theoretical underpinning for this PHD study – you are arguing though for an extension of the protection past that which currently prevails. The hypothesis which I would propose is that the current response to domain names is woefully inadequate: there either needs to be a new trademark and domain names Act complete with duties, rights and remedies or a dispute resolution process in theUKto catch up with the rapidly changing world of technology and domain names. The ECJ considered dilution for the first time very recently but disappointed those who advocated a move beyond even dilution: â€Å"Some have gone further to argue that such protection should be not just against a dilution of the distinctiveness of such a mark, but also against any appropriation of the mark’s value by a third party, even if it does not damage the mark itself. From this point of view, the ECJ judgement in Intel will be disappointing† [6] Thus with a theoretical underpinning and a hypothesis established what are the problems with the current national and international setup and what causes the conflict between domain names and trade mark lawFirstly the demand for domain names exceeds the supply and this will inevitably cause friction between those who want to muscle in on established territory. Secondly trade marks confer only national, or at most, regional, protection while a domain name has global application. Thirdly the registration system does not confer a trade mark as such immediately and the rules for registration of a domain name are a matter of contract between the applicant and the registry. It should also be noted that registries do not undertake trade mark searches which increase the likelihood of abuse and conflict[7]. The problems with the systems are also well documented and it has, for example, been argued that the UDRP is too biased in favour of trade mark owners as well as allegations of the stiflin g of freedom of expression[8]. The next part will deal with the proposed structure of the PHD based on the observations above and also the aims and objectives which were set out originally. The final part will be some comments upon the research and recommendations I propose. 2.0 Proposed structure of the PHD Declaration Title page Abstract Acknowledgments Table of contents Table of Cases Table of Statutes Abbreviations Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: The background of Trademark protection in the UK I. The Trademark Act 1994 II. The tort of passing off III. The European Dimension IV. The European Court of Justice in 2008 V. The Confusion basis of protection VI. Dilution and the economic value of trade marks VII. Hypothesis of the PHD Chapter 3: Theoretical underpinnings of the study I. Schechter and the increased protection thesis II.The theories of less protection III. Do trade mark owners dilute their own marksS.Stadler Chapter 4: The concept of dilution I. The Conditions for protection II.Similarity of Mark and Sign III.Reputation IV. Similar products V.Unfair Advantage Chapter 5: Domain names and the unique challenge to trade marks I.What is a domain name II. Domain Names and search engines, cybersquatting and ‘typo-squatters’ III.Reverse domain name hijacking IV.The role of technology: web 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 V. New frontiers: metatags, pop-ups and banner ads VI.Does the Trade Mark Act 1994 afford sufficient protection against domain names VII. Nominet’s dispute resolution procedure VIII.Conclusion on chapter 4 Chapter 6: Case studies on the concept of dilution and domain names I.Premier Brands UK Ltd v Typhoon Europe Ltd (2000) II. Adidas-Salomon AG v Adidas Benelux (2003) III.L’Oreal SA v Bellure NV [2007] (Civ Div)) IV.One in a Million (1999) Chapter 7: Flaws with the current system at a national and international level I.The national level II. The international environment: ICANN III.WIPO IV.The UDRP system V. The American system VI.Benelux Law VII. Other Jurisdictions Chapter 8: The approach in other jurisdictions I.Germany II. France III.Canada IV.USA V. Conclusions of the approach in other jurisdictions Chapter 9: Secondary research I.Empirical analysis of the economic value of domain names II.Case Law from 2000-2011 III. Case study of Google IV. Trends in WIPO decisions 2000 – 2011 V.Conclusions on secondary research Chapter 10: Recommendations for systems and remedies I.A single dispute resolution procedure II. The UK Trademark and Domains Names Act 2015 III.The UN global domain name convention IV.Remoulding the domain name system V. Additional remedies to help the protection of trade marks VI.Adopting approaches from USA, Germany and Canada Chapter 11: Conclusions Bibliography Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C 3.0 Additional Comments It is of course vital to note that this structure above is only a draft one and subject to changes. As you will note having a look at the proposed structure there are a few things which I have included which deserve to be commented upon. Firstly the research section: for a dissertation I wrote on the WTO I did something very similar where simple research is conducted, empirically, on all Dispute resolution cases involving African countries within a certain period. My idea is to conduct research on all WIPO panel cases involving UKbrands from the period 2000 – 2011 to attempt to identify any trends or patterns[9]. This would, in my opinion, make the study even more original which is only a good thing. My other idea was to attempt to put some kind of economic value upon certain trade marks: can this be quantified in some mannerIt would be a highly sophisticated study which is able to, say, put an economic value on brands such as google.co.uk or apple.com. Related to this I thought about a case study on google.co.uk and to attempt to contemplate their business from the perspective of the IP lawyer: how much is their trade mark worthAre they victims of cyber squattingHow many cases have they been involved in at the international and national arbitration? Finally my recommendations are based both upon systems and remedies. Perhaps as the centrepiece of this study an Act can be created from scratch (!!) which I have tentatively called the UK Trademark and Domain Names Act 2015[10]. The full â€Å"Act† could be recreated in an appendix and could be an attempt by the author to advocate a solution which is tangible and bold. A complete abolition of the Trade Mark Act 1994 is what I would actually propose – and in a PHD fortune favours the brave. [1] Directive 89/104 on trade marks art.4 [2] Colson, Catherine Middleton, Kirsty (2005 2nd ed) Modern Intellectual Property Law Cavendish: London [3] Colson, Catherine Middleton, Kirsty (2005 2nd ed) Modern Intellectual Property Law Cavendish: London p.421 [4] Schechter, Frank (1927) ‘The Rational Basis of Trade Mark Protection’ Harvard Law Review 40 p.813 [5] Quoted in Bently, Lionel Sherman, Brad (2009 3rd) Intellectual Property Law Oxford Uni Press: worldwide p.715 [6] Davis, Jennifer (2009) ‘The European Court of Justice Considers Trade Mark Dilution’ Cambridge Law Journal 68(2) pp290-292 [7] Colson, Catherine Middleton, Kirsty (2005 2nd ed) Modern Intellectual Property Law Cavendish: London p.421 [8] Schiavetta, S and Komaitis, K (2003) ‘ICANN’s Role in Controlling Information on the Internet International Review of Law Computers Technology 17(3) [9] http://arbiter.wipo.int/domains/search/overview/index.html [10] So called to allow it’s undoubtedly tortuous passage through White Papers, Green Papers and then both Houses of Parliament! How to cite intellectual property rights uk, Essay examples

According to A Nation at Risk, the American educ Essay Example For Students

According to A Nation at Risk, the American educ Essay According to A Nation at Risk, the American education system has declined due to a rising tide of mediocrity in our schools. States such as New York have responded to thefindings and recommendations of the report by implementing such strategies as theRegents Action Plan and the New Compact for Learning. In the early 1980s, President Regan ordered a national commission to study oureducation system. The findings of this commission were that, compared with otherindustrialized nations, our education system is grossly inadequate in meeting thestandards of education that many other countries have developed. At one time, Americawas the world leader in technology, service, and industry, but overconfidence based ona historical belief in our superiority has caused our nation to fall behind the rapidlygrowing competitive market in the world with regard to education. The report in somerespects is an unfair comparison of our education system, which does not have anational standard for goals, curriculum, or regulations, with other countries that do, butthe findings nevertheless reflect the need for change. Our education system at this timeis regulated by states which implement their own curriculum, set their own goals andhave their own requirements for teacher preparation. Combined with this is t he fact thatwe have lowered our expectations in these areas, thus we are not providing an equal orquality education to all students across the country. The commission findings generatedrecommendations to improve the content of education and raise the standards ofstudent achievement, particularly in testing, increase the time spent on education andprovide incentives to encourage more individuals to enter the field of education as wellas improving teacher preparation. N.Y. State responded to these recommendations by first implementing the RegentsAction Plan; an eight year plan designed to raise the standards of education. This planchanged the requirements for graduation by raising the number of credits needed forgraduation, raising the number of required core curriculum classes such as socialstudies, and introduced technology and computer science. The plan also introduced theRegents Minimum Competency Tests, which requires a student to pass tests in fivemajor categories; math, science, reading, writing, and two areas of social studies. Although the plan achieved many of its goals in raising standards of education in N.Y. State, the general consensus is that we need to continue to improve our educationsystem rather than being satisfied with the achievements we have made thus far. Therefore, N.Y. adopted The New Compact for Learning. This plan is based on theprinciples that all children can learn. The focus of education should be on results andteachers should aim for mastery, not minimum competency. Education should beprovided for all children and authority with accountability should be given to educatorsand success should be rewarded with necessary changes being made to reduce failures. This plan calls for curriculum to be devised in order to meet the needs of students sothat they will be fully functional in society upon graduation, rather than just being able tograduate. Districts within the state have been given the authority to devise their owncurriculum, but are held accountable by the state so that each district meets the statesgoals that have been established. Teachers are encouraged to challenge students toreach their full potential, rather than minimum competency. In this regard, tracking ofstudents is being eliminated so that all students will be challenged, rather than just thosewho are gifted. Similarly, success should be rewarded with recognition and incentives tofurther encourage progress for districts, teachers and students while others who are notas accomplished are provided remedial training or resources in order to help themachieve success. It is difficult to determine whether our country on the whole has responded to theconcerns that A Nation at Risk presented. Clearly though, N.Y. State has takenmeasures over the last ten years to improve its own education system. In many respectsthe state has accomplished much of what it set out to do, but the need to continue toimprove is still present. Certainly, if America is determined to regain its superiority in theworld, education, the foundation of our future, needs to be priority number one. Teachers often develop academic expectations of students based on characteristicsthat are unrelated to academic progress. These expectations can affect the wayeducators present themselves toward the student, causing an alteration in the way ourstudents learn, and thus causing an overall degeneration in the potential growth of thestudent. Christopher Columbus1 EssayViolence, both in society and in the school system has also been identified as aserious problem. The influx of weapons in schools creates a dangerous situation forteachers, administrators and other students. One remedy for this problem has beenintroduced in many public city schools; the use of metal detectors. While this method isnot foolproof it does send the message that violence will not be tolerated in schools andthat severe measures will be implemented in order to curb it. Educators are also beingtrained to identify those students who may be violent and to provide non-violent crisisintervention. It is an undeniable fact that our society has a serious problem concerningviolence and that the violence on the streets is certainly connected to the violence in theschools. It seems questionable that even these measures will significantly reduce theproblem in schools, but certainly the process of teaching can continue in a less stressfulatmosphere by having these measures in place. Unfortunately, there are other problems such as the changing family structurethat do not have such clear cut solutions. Some of the problems that teachers are facedwith concerning the family include poverty, single parent homes, abuse and/or neglectand homelessness. Statistics state that 41% of single, female headed households live below thepoverty level and that students who live in single parent homes score lower onachievement tests, particularly boys whose mothers are the head of the household. Obviously, single parent families are a fact in our society today, given the rising rate ofdivorce and single women having children, and it is true that this change is having asevere effect on students today, but this should not effect the quality of education that isprovided, but rather, encourage educators to be more aware of the difficulties thesestudents face in order to adapt their teaching style, as well as the curriculum to reachthese students. Similarly, child abuse and/or neglect has become a major issue in society andschools. It is not clear whether there is a rise in the occurrences of abuse or whetherbetter awareness has increased the statistics, but it cannot be argued that this asignificant problem and one that effects those educators who have to help students whoare either abused or neglected. Strict regulations concerning the accountability ofteachers regarding the reporting of child abuse or neglect are in effect. Teachers arerequired to be trained on the ability to identify abuse. Community agencies, shelters andchild welfare agencies have begun working in conjunction with schools in order to dealwith the problem with as little disruption in the students education as possible. Homelessness is another major problem in our society. The rate of homelesspeople has grown significantly since the early 1980s deinstitutionalization movementand more recently due to the rising unemployment rate have led to more families andchildren being homeless than ever before. This social problem has become a significantproblem for educators. Low achievement, which may be in part due to low attendanceas a result of a transient lifestyle, physical problems associated with living on the streetsand child abuse are all issues that educators are confronted with when working withstudents who are homeless. Unfortunately, because of the lack of government funds,this problem continues to grow in America. On the other hand, schools have begun todeal with this problem by hiring additional counselors, some who work specifically tocoordinate service with shelters in order provide assistance to these families and moreprecisely to the children. This effort clearly demonstrates that educators a re genuinelyconcerned about providing education to all children. Clearly our schools and society face the same problems. It has becomenecessary for all people, not just educators, to be more aware of the problems. Althoughsome intervention programs have been implemented and in some cases are verysuccessful, it is becoming more apparent that these problems are going to continue andwill have a direct consequence on our future in this country. Unfortunately, we as asociety tend to look for the quick fix to our problems without realizing theconsequences for the future. Our society need to understand that the schools are notresponsible for the cause of these problems or the solutions, but rather, all aspects ofsociety, including schools, are intertwined and need to collectively work together if weare ever to make progress toward resolving these problems in the long run.

Global Community and Human Rights

The development of a global community holds a lot of promise for the improvement of human rights. The basis for such a community is mutual understanding among different countries people groups and an increasing sense of universal responsibility towards all members. This is attainable by implementing a common code of human rights across the globe along the lines of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Community and Human Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The declaration’s development was consultative and was not the product of any one nation but that of the United Nations member states hence it promises to provide the binding code required to define international human relations without raising the fear of cultural imperialism. A community comprises several members who share certain characteristics in their way of life. It is one where members have â€Å"i nterests and concerns that go beyond national interests and concerns† (Iriye 6).The elements shared vary and may include values, resources, geographical space, and challenges, among others. For a community to be global, it requires to have certain elements that do not limit its existence to particular pockets of humanity. This includes geographical spread, universal values, and shared aspirations among its membership. It should have the capacity to act universally, and to have its effects and influence felt across the world. Since the advent of the internet, the concept of a global community has gained much currency as the internet reduces the gap created by spatial barriers. People from all over the world participate in global forums and participate in internet activity creating the ground for truly global communities. Social media platforms led by Facebook present some of the largest global communities where social media users interact to share their thoughts, hopes, and asp irations. One of the expressions of shared values in the global community is human rights. Human rights are certain entitlements to any human being simply by virtue of being human. The United Nations defined human rights applicable to all people on earth to all member countries. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights lists the agreed upon standards in a set of thirty articles. The declaration speaks of a human brotherhood and aims at creating a world where human beings relate in an equal fashion, with access to opportunities to acquire basic resources for life, along with dignity and respect. This document is an excellent basis for the development of a global community, where human rights form part of the universal values upheld by all members. They provide an equalizing platform for all people. Donnelly observes, â€Å"Human rights are equal rights† (10).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is not accurate to regard human rights as a form of cultural imperialism. This is because no one imposes these rights on anyone else in themselves, but a stronger community may use advocacy for the respect of human rights as a means of subjugating other cultures. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights arose through consensus. No one imposed the declaration on the member countries of the United Nations. However, their application provides opportunities for cultural imperialism since not all countries respect these rights. When nations insist that they will only relate with countries that respect these rights, the result is cultural imperialism. The Declaration represents the sum total of the best values that different human communities identify as elementary for the decent relations of men. No one member of the global community can lay claim to the development and propagation of these rights in isolation. Rather, all of humanity has a contribution an d hence a stake in them. While they remain open to abuse by superior powers to exploit and manipulate weaker nations, they do not form a basis for the subjugation of nations or in any way contribute to cultural imperialism. In the journey towards a global community, culture, power, and politics are strong forces that influence the development of a global sense of belonging. Powerful nations do not like to take responsibility for their actions on the behest of other nations, and as such, they tend to resist efforts that may make them equal members of the global community. A case in point is the United States, which generally resist global efforts aimed at creating some form of supranational legislation seen to impinge on its sovereignty. It is not a signatory to the Rome statute, and as a result, the International Criminal Court has acquired the image of a court that serves failed states. If powerful countries such as the United States were signatories, it would have provided the cou rt with a much stronger sense of authority in the execution of its mandate. Culture is a force to reckon with in the development of a global community. China has a unique culture that for centuries has been inward looking. Until recently, China has kept its affairs to itself. As it has begun seeking to relate more strongly with other countries, its foreign policy continues to reflect their cultural disposition. It does not interfere with the internal politics of its trading partners, and does not use human rights record of any country as a prerequisite for establishment of trading relations. Political considerations also influence the development of global communities. When the United Kingdom voted against joining the Eurozone, political considerations informed the taking of this decision.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Community and Human Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are two key influen ces of nationalism in a global community. Nationalism would appear like a strong divisive force interfering with the harmonious relations of nations when nations aggressively seek to assert their identity and values in the international platform. It may be what stops the emergence of true universal brother-hood. On the second count, it will appear as the basis for a global community. Taking pride in one’s nation qualifies one to be a responsible member of the global community, much in the same way as belonging to a proud family prepares one for effective engagement with the local community. With a widespread global worldview, there is bound to be some change in the perception of other people within the global community. Recognizing that all humans are essentially related and are interdependent on each other would create a world where international responsibilities have a greater appeal to all persons. This will reduce competition for resources and improve collaboration betwee n different nations in social, economic, and political endeavors. The fields of education, health, and science would benefit immensely from this. There will be improved respect for human rights across the globe since all persons will see their role in the world and will feel responsible toward the general goodwill of humanity. There will be a greater chance of closing up gaps in international treaties relating to the environment, and countries with poor human right records will find much compulsion to improve their human rights records to become fitting members of the global community. Culture is essentially a product of environment, with adaptation to living conditions as the guiding force in its development. There are elements of culture that will continue to be unique in a global community because different peoples adapt differently to their living conditions. However, the areas of commonality will increase. Cultural values will grow closer to each other right across the global c ommunity. A case in point is the United Republic of Tanzania. After her colonization by the Germans and later the British, the country attained independence and thereafter pursued a policy of ‘ujamaa’, a Swahili word meaning brother-hood.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The colonial boundaries brought together different people groups with different cultures who have since amalgamated into a largely unified people. Certain cultural elements remain distinct from one tribe to another. Overall, there has emerged a truly Tanzanian culture with certain values such as hospitality and common courtesy. This is a possible result worldwide propelled by the emergence of a global community. If this took place, the interpretation of human rights will be universal and hence there will be much progress in the field of human rights right across the world. A respect for human rights would underpin the new global culture. After all, Orend reminds us, human rights â€Å"are values committing us to treating each other in ways we think we all deserve† (19). The prospects for the emergence of a global community grow everyday with the threats to it. There is a higher degree of connectivity between different peoples across the earth facilitated by the emergence and growth of the internet. In the field of human rights, different types of human rights groups have emerged. They are heavily involved in championing for the rights of marginalized. There is an increased awareness of human rights issues in many countries especially those that have poor records. The sense of shared humanity literally pervades all sectors of the human experience. The emergence of a global community will depend on the handling of these elements. It will also depend on whether the forces driving this development will find encouragement and deliberate direction from authorities. Works Cited Donnelly, Jack. Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice. New York: Cornell University Press, 2003. Print. Iriye, Akira. Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in Making of the Contemporary World. London: University of California Press, 2003. Print. Orend, Brian. Human Rights: Concept and Context. Ontario: Broadview Press, 2002. Print. This essay on Global Community and Human Rights was written and submitted by user RobertBaldwin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Health Care In the United States essays

Health Care In the United States essays There are many things that the United States should change about their health care plans/programs. It is very unfortunate that money comes before the health of the client. Many times in this country you will find a family, who is considered of the average middle class, who is covered by an insurance company but they are not covered enough to save their child by providing money for a heart transplant surgery. But why doesn't the insurance company pay for it? If is because they do not want to pay up the money the client has paid them to save. If money wasn't such an important thing a lot more people could afford health insurance and this is where the problem begins, pricing. Who labels the prices on these surgeries? Why does an appendix surgery cost more or less than a knee surgery? The solution could be to set one price for all major surgeries for example, knee surgeries and organ transplants. It is pretty ridiculous for doctors to make a profit off of a surgery especially when they get paid for doing it later. The reason why insurance companies deny coverage to certain thins is because of the money so the best way is to make it affordable to the company. It is very well known that universal health care would not work in the United States. Too many people would say that the United States should not provide everything. Well, those are the people who don't have to let anyone provide for them. It is very difficult to understand why insurance companies will cover expensive surgeries for rich people but to those who cannot afford it they deny coverage. If the United States cannot cover all health care than maybe equal full coverage should be an option. In a hypothetical situation, a person might think to them self why should I pay for another mans surgery? In case of war, why should that same man die for your freedom? If everyone is covered equally and paid the same am ...

What do we owe each other in the social Contract Research Paper

What do we owe each other in the social Contract - Research Paper Example onfessing (assuming they wish to), they will be assured of punishment but by refusing to do so each of them is guaranteed a light one (Kreps et al., 1982). Ergo if each can depend on the other not to confess for the sake of them both, then it can be said they have a social contract in place. In the early part of this decade there has been a great deal of controversy and conflict in respect to the expectations of Americans from the social contract that has was established in previous generations (Edsall, 2013). There have been numerous complains for instant in the fast food industry with employees and employers at loggerheads over issues of minimum wage. In the 80’s and early 80’s for instance, the industrial social contract in the USA was characterized by companies that took care of their workers welfare and provided them with insurance cover and pension benefits (Lubchenco, 1998). As a result, they workers needed unions less and one could argue that the industrialist sacrificed their right to exploit workers and they in turn sacrifice theirs to agitate for better conditions than they were already enjoying through labor unions. There are other underlying issues that underpin the social contract challenge, for the first time in nearly half a century, Americ ans are forced to struggle with what they want to get from the social contract (Freedman & Lind, 2013). Retrospectively, it was founded on a premise of relatively high wages and reliable benefits; however today, the system is such that low wages are supposed to be offset by reduced consumer prices and government intervention. Explicably, there has been considerable disaffection with the state of affairs and this has necessitated a re-examination of what the social contract is expected to do for the people and how it is they seem to be getting a raw deal. Alan Krueger who is the chairperson of the Obama’s economic advisors posits that America has lost its ethical and moral moorings because of the

Corporate Planning Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Planning - Coursework Example The manager can then postpone the decision or take no action. The second reason why managers may fail to make a decision is need to maintain the status quo. The company may be performing extremely well and the manager may wish to pursue existing strategies to maintain good performance. Alternatively, the manager may be undergoing high pressure to comply with existing rules, policies or procedures. Consequently, the manager will have little room to introduce change. Therefore, maintaining status quo becomes better option. Sales forecasting is one of the core functions of the sales and marketing department. Sales forecasts must be realistic and inspiring to the sales and marketing department as well as to other departments of the company. Inspiring and achievable sales forecasts can be achieved by considering internal and external factors that affect company’s performance. The first issue is the internal environment of the company. Internal environment of the company is comprised of key personnel in the sales and marketing department, finance department and production department. The key personnel in the above key departments should be involved during sales projections. According to Haines (2008), sales executives should set their own sales targets. The managers of key departments proceed to discuss the targets and check if they are achievable. For example, the production managers confirm if sales targets are in tandem with the production capacity and finance managers confirms if the targets ar e in line with company’s revenue targets. The second factor to be considered when a company makes sales forecast is the external environment. External environment include the competition, purchasing power of the consumer, political events, fashion and styles, changes in population, and the state of the economy. The sales forecast team should make use of facts from the

Poem analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Poem analysis - Essay Example to the ironic interpretation, the traveler’s choice could have been for nothing, which is evident by his â€Å"sigh† in line 16 that might have been a sign of regret for taking this road. These two points of view can be supported or argued against through other literary devices that are seen throughout the poem, such as imagery, symbols, tone, and many others. The first line of the poem â€Å"two roads diverged in a yellow wood† provides the greatest example of imagery, clearly showing that there was a fork in the path of a forest that was currently experiencing autumn. Calling the wood â€Å"yellow† would suggest that the leaves are in the process of changing colors. Furthermore, as the setting of the poem is a path in the woods, it is easy for the reader to conjure an image to match what they are reading; there is no limit of the imagination when it comes to thinking of a forest in autumn. Lines eleven and twelve also displayed imagery, giving an excellent view of what the two paths looked like in comparison to each other. The reader knows that the use of imagery is successful when they can easily bring up the image provided by the written word in their mind’s eye, just as Frost’s poem was able to accomplish. The setting of the poem also has to do with the symbolism. The two roads forming from one road in the woods symbolizes the choices that people must constantly make throughout their lives. The well-used road is the easy path that most people would rather take, while the less traveled road is the more complicated option that people prefer to avoid entirely. Frost makes a claim at the end of the poem, stating that â€Å"I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference†, which can symbolize the change in a person that decided for the more difficult, unpredictable path. Life is about the journey, and choosing the easy way out leaves no lasting impressions. The tone of the poem is that of wistfulness, as the author thinks back on the

Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited

Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited, Indias largest pharmaceutical company, is an integrated, research based, international pharmaceutical company, producing a wide range of quality, affordable generic medicines, trusted by healthcare professionals and patients across geographies. Ranked 8th amongst the global generic pharmaceutical companies, Ranbaxy today has a presence in 23 of the top 25 pharmaceutical markets of the world. The Company has a global footprint in 49 countries, world-class manufacturing facilities in 11 countries and serves customers in over 125 countries. In June 2008, Ranbaxy entered into an alliance with one of the largest Japanese innovator companies, Daiichi Sankyo Company Ltd., to create an innovator and generic pharmaceutical powerhouse. The combined entity now ranks among the top 15 pharmaceutical companies, globally. The transformational deal will place Ranbaxy in a higher growth trajectory and it will emerge stronger in terms of its global reach and in its capabilities in drug development and manufacturing. Financials Ranbaxy was incorporated in 1961 and went public in 1973. For the year 2008, the Company recorded Global Sales of US $ 1,682 Mn, reflecting a growth of 4%. The Company has a balanced mix of revenues from emerging and developed markets that contribute 54% and 39% respectively. In 2008, North America, the Companys largest market contributed sales of US $ 449 Mn, followed by Europe garnering US $ 330 Mn. Business in Asia is going strong with India clocking sales of around US $ 300 Mn with market leadership in several business segments, backed by strong brand-building skills. Products Using the finest RD and Manufacturing facilities, Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited manufacture and markets generic pharmaceuticals, value added generic pharmaceuticals, branded generics, active Pharmaceuticals (API) and intermediates. The Company remains focused on ascending the value chain in the marketing of pharmaceutical substances and is determined to bring in increased revenues from dosage forms sales. Ranbaxys diverse product basket of over 5,000 SKUs available in over 125 countries worldwide, encompasses a wide therapeutic mix covering a majority of the chronic and acute segments. Healthcare trends project that the chronic treatment segments will outpace the acute treatment segments, primarily driven by a growing aging population and dominance of lifestyle diseases. Our robust performance in Cardiovasculars, Central Nervous System, Respiratory, Dermatology, Orthopedics, Nutritionals and Urology segments, clearly indicates that the Company has strengthened its presence in the fast-growing chronic and lifestyle disease segments. Introduction to the industry The Indian pharmaceutical industry currently tops the chart amongst Indias science-based industries with wide ranging capabilities in the complex field of drug manufacture and technology. A highly organized sector, the Indian pharmaceutical industry is estimated to be worth $ 4.5 billion, growing at about 8 to 9 percent annually. It ranks very high amongst all the third world countries, in terms of technology, quality and the vast range of medicines that are manufactured. It ranges from simple headache pills to sophisticated antibiotics and complex cardiac compounds; almost every type of medicine is now made in the Indian pharmaceutical industry. The Indian pharmaceutical sector is highly fragmented with more than 20,000 registered units. It has expanded drastically in the last two decades. The Pharmaceutical and Chemical industry in India is an extremely fragmented market with severe price competition and government price control. The Pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the countrys demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, chemicals, tablets, capsules, orals and injectibles. There are approximately 250 large units and about 8000 Small Scale Units, which form the core of the pharmaceutical industry in India (including 5 Central Public Sector Units). Company analysis:-Key Strengths Company growing faster than the market. One of the largest distribution networks that comprises 2500+ skilled field force. Dedicated task forces for specialized chronic therapies A strong player in the NDDS segment. Key brands include Cifran OD (Ciprofloxacin), Zanocin OD (Ofloxacin) Sporidex AF (Cephalexin) Strong brand building capabilities, reflected in the fact that around 20 brands feature in the Top-300 brands of the Industry list. Leading brands are Sporidex (Cephalexin), Cifran (Ciprofloxacin), Mox (Amoxycillin), Zanocin (Ofloxacin) Volini (Diclofenac) A well-built customer interface, with one of the highest customer coverage across India, and an excellent franchise with both Generalists Specialists. This is proven by Ranbaxy Indias Corporate Image being perceived as Best-in-Class by customers (source: AC Nielsen ORG MARG Report, June 2004) Great emphasis is placed on Knowledge Management and Medico-marketing initiatives such as Advisory Board Meetings, Post Marketing Surveillance Studies and Continuous Medical Education programs. These have resulted in an excellent customer relationship with the medical fraternity. More than 2000 interface programs (Symposia, CMEs) are conducted and about 20 Clinical Papers published annually With a futuristic approach, the India operations attempt to capitalize on the fast- emerging, high-growth segments with innovative products and services: A slew of products have been launched in the Dermatology segment: Suncross (Sunscreen lotion), Sotret (Isotretnoin), Eflora (Eflornithine). Anti-diabetic franchise has been further consolidated with launch of Insucare (Insulin) with an innovative delivery mechanism Controlled Insulin Logistics This ensures that the cold chain, vital for product efficacy, is maintained. Dividend Payout Analysis:- Indicates the proportion of earnings that are used to pay dividends to shareholders. Ranbaxy laboratories dividend payout ratio is comparative reduced from the previous days, in other words they pay a dividend to its shareholders. This is the case for most high growth firms; their profits are better spent by reinvesting in the firms activities rather than as a cash payout to shareholders. In fact a majority of corporations have elected to pay out less of their earnings as dividends, perhaps because corporate rates of return on reinvested capital are higher these days, but it could also be that dividends are doubly taxed in some jurisdictions. The DPR measures what a companys pays out to Investors in the form of dividends, in this year dividends are not paid to the share holders. As per the data the DPR is comes to 60.06 from 94. Return on Equity Analysis: Sometimes ROE is referred to as Stockholders return on investment, it tells the rate that shareholders are earning on their shares. Ranbaxy laboratories are earning a very respectable growth rate on shareholders equity. Companies that generate high returns relative to their shareholders equity are companies that pay their shareholders off handsomely, creating substantial assets for each money invested. These businesses are more than likely self-funding companies that require no additional debt or equity investments.Return on net worth or equity (ROE) is a second useful profitability ratio. If we are getting from investing our own money in the business. If this return is less than the return we could obtain from an equal or less risky investment, then there is a good economic argument that we should leave farming and invest elsewhere. In the case of Ranbaxy laboratories, the ROE is not as good or at their esteemed level because of the earning of the company. The revenue or profit is g enerated in the current financial year is in the diminishing level EPS Analysis: The earnings per share ratio are mainly useful for companies with publicly traded shares. Most companies will quote the earnings per share in their financial statements saving you from having to calculate it yourself. By itself, EPS doesnt really tell you a whole lot. But if you compare it to the EPS from a previous quarter or year it indicates the rate of growth at companies earnings are growing (on a per share basis). Ranbaxy laboratories EPS have decreased almost 16.56 to -24.85 since last year; it is not an excellent growth rate for the company. Some analysts like to use â€Å"projected† EPS to analyze a stocks current value in respect to these estimates. Share Market Analysis: Ranbaxy Labs good for long term investment. There are some issues which are a big concern for the company, however, as the stock markets will stabilize, the Ranbaxy stock will also bounce back. Ranbaxy Labs has shown decent growth in the past five years. The company has presence in all major markets across the world. The stock used to be a safe bet for last many years. Things havent changed in terms of the business of the company; however, much has changed in the stock markets. Investors are worried about the future of the company. And they have a reason to worry; the stock hasnt offered the returns everyone expected. The results may be announced by the end of this month and long investors can think of entering the stock at lower levels. Stock Watch expects the stock to touch 350 400 levels within a year. The target has been estimated after evaluation of various factors including the business model; US market status and company valuations. The recent fall in the stock price is mainly due to bad news about the company in recent times. Things should start improving after three months as the stock bottoms out. Cash rich Japanese parent will support Ranbaxy and the company will offer decent returns. Investors can start accumulating the stock in range Rs 200 220. The rate RLL Sell/Medium Risk (3M) with a target price of Rs357.40. I expect the stocks valuations to move in line with the sentiment toward the sector, key to which are price expectations, progress on deregulation, and government decisions on the taxation part of the pharma industry. Analysis about the overall management of the company:- 2Q09 turns into profit, guidance maintained: Ranbaxys 2Q09 net profit of Rs6.93bn includes pre-tax gain of Rs8.1bn on hedges and Rs1.9bn on loans. Excluding these adjusted net profit is c. Rs370mn (company estimate of Rs633m) cf. our estimated loss of Rs230mn. Sales were higher at Rs17.9bn (our estimate Rs16.5bn) due to better performance in India and US. EBITDA margin reported at c.7% includes operational forex gain of Rs716mn, termination amount paid to Mr. Singh (Rs480m) and income from settlement with Teva Rs550m. Company has maintained its guidance of no profits for CY09. Sales trend unchanged: Sales decline 2% YoY in Re terms, 16% in $. US, EU, CIS and Brazil are down in $ terms. India grew at 21% in Re terms on back of 28 new product launches and tender sales. Newly acquired brands from Ochoa in pain and dermatology segment (full year sales of c.Rs300m) have not contributed yet. Growth across markets in constant currency is similar to 1Q09 YoY trend due to inventory de-stocking. US beat our expectation due to sumatriptan contribution. Mgt guided to a run-rate of $50m for US for 2H09. Costs are still high: 2Q09 cost of sales as % to sales at 62.4% is much higher than estimated and 58.6% seen in 1Q09. This could be due to ongoing overheads at Poanta without revenue contribution. SGA expenses ex-termination amount are in line with estimate. One major issue in mind of investors in the exit of promoters. Promoters have sold their stake to Pharmaceutical major Daiichi from Japan. Technical experts believe the issues in US markets and pending litigations are behind the promoters exit. The future of Ranbaxy will now depend on the plans Japanese company has for Ranbaxy. The parent company hasnt given any solid statement about the future plans for Ranbaxy. Once the announcements are made, investor sentiment will turn positive. Industry analysis: Porter 5 force model Todays business environment is extremely competitive and in economics parlance where perfect competition exists, the profits of the firms operating in that industry will become zero. However, this is not possible because, firstly no company is a price taker (i.e. no company will operate where profits are zero). Secondly, they strive to create a competitive advantage to thrive in the competitive scenario. Michael Porter, considered to be one of the foremost gurus of management, developed the famous five-force model, which influences an industry. Industry competition Pharma industry is one of the most competitive industries in the country with as many as 10,000 different players fighting for the same pie. The rivalry in the industry can be gauged from the fact that the top player in the country has only 6% market share, and the top five players together have about 18% market share. Many smaller players that are focused on a particular region have a better hang of the distribution channel, making it easier to succeed, albeit in a limited way. An important fact is that pharmacy is a stable market and its growth rate generally tracks the economic growth of the country with some multiple (1.2 times average in India). The product differentiation is one key factor, which gives competitive advantage to the firms in any industry. However, in pharmacy industry product differentiation is not possible since India has followed process patents till date, with laws favoring imitators. Going forward, we foresee increasing competition in the industry but the form of competition will be different. Economies of scale will play an important part too. Last but not the least, in a vast country of Indias size, government too will have bigger role to play. Bargaining power of buyers The unique feature of pharmacy industry is that the end user of the product is different from the influencer (read doctor). The consumer has no choice but to buy what doctor says. However, when we look at the buyers power, we look at the influence they have on the prices of the product. Bargaining power of suppliers The pharmacy industry depends upon several organic chemicals. The chemical industry is again very competitive and fragmented. The suppliers have very low bargaining power and the companies in the pharma industry can switch from their suppliers without incurring a very high cost. Companies like Orchid Chemicals and Sashun Chemicals were basically chemical companies, who turned themselves into pharmaceutical companies. Barriers to entry Pharma industry is one of the most easily accessible industries for an entrepreneur in India. The capital requirement for the industry is very low; creating a regional distribution network is easy, since the point of sales is restricted in this industry in India. The barriers to entry will increase going forward. The change in the patent regime will see new proprietary products coming up, making imitation difficult. The players with huge capacity will be able to influence substantial power on the fringe players by their aggressive pricing which will create hindrance for the smaller players. Threat of substitutes One of the key reasons for high competitiveness in the industry is that as an ongoing concern, pharma industry seems to have an infinite future. In the Indian context, companies like Cipla and Glaxo are likely to be key players. Though consolidation within the current big names is not ruled out. Smaller fringe players, who have no differentiating strengths, are likely to either be acquired or cease to exist. Economic analysis:- Monetary policy affected pharma industry:-The excise duty reduction on pharmaceuticals is unlikely to have any effect on the prices of medicines as the government has, in a parallel move, decided to cut the abatement rate for calculation of MRP based excise duty on pharmaceuticals. The Finance Ministry, in a move to rationalize abatement rates, has brought down the 42.5 per cent abatement enjoyed by the drugs industry to 35 per cent. Almost all domestic majors such as Ranbaxy, Dr Reddys and Cipla and multinationals like GSK and Johnson and Johnson have either own units in hill states, or rely on contract manufacturers in the hill states for production for the domestic market. Budget: THE BUDGET presented by Finance Minister has brought cheers for pharmaceutical companies. In the current financial year excise duty of 4 per cent has been retained while custom duty has been lowered on some vital life saving drugs and heart contrivances. The present budget has made an important provision to reduce custom duty from 10 per cent to 5 per cent on medicines and bulk drugs and 7.5 per cent to 5 per cent on life saving devices particularly related to cardiac diseases. With reduction in custom duty on certain selected life saving drugs, the prices of 9 particular drugs that are used for the treatment of fatal ailments namely cancer, HIV,hepatiits b are expected to be slashed. In addition to this, the prices of two vital heart devices are also expected to come down. MD of Ranbaxy laboratories also sounded positive with the provisions for Pharma Company in the new budget, he said, Though there were no big moves for pharma, increased government spending on healthcare will have a positive impact. Extension for scope of provisions relating to weighed deduction of 150 per cent on expenditure incurred on in house RD to all manufacturing business is a positive move. Role of Pharmaceutical Industry in India GDP-Facts The Pharmaceutical Industry in India is one of the largest in the world It ranks 4th in the world, pertaining to the volume of sales The estimated worth of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is US$ 6 billion The growth rate of the industry is 13% per year The Pharma Industry in India produces around 20% to 24% of the global generic drugs The Indian Pharma sector leads the science-based industries in the country Around 40% of the total pharmaceutical produce is exported The Indian Pharma Industry includes small scaled, medium scaled, large scaled players, which totals nearly 300 different companies There are several other small units operating in the domestic sector As per the present growth rate, the Indian Pharma Industry is expected to be a US$ 20 billion industry by the year 2015 With the large concentration of multinational pharmaceutical companies in India, it becomes easier to attract foreign direct investments The Pharma industry in India is one of the major foreign direct investments encouraging sectors Foreign direct investment:-The Indian pharmaceutical industry has been a successful player in global markets over the last couple of decades. Along with sectors like software and autoauxiliaries, it has spearheaded Indias progress in knowledge intensive and technologically sophisticated markets (Ramachandran et. al, 2006). It contributes to 8% of world production by volume and 1.5% by value (Aggarwal, 2004). It is a highly fragmented industry with more than 20,000 registered units (Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: An Overview, n.d.). It is becoming a major force in outsourced clinical research and has almost 74 U.S. FDA approved manufacturing facilities, the most for any country outside the US (Pharmaceuticals in India. BIBLIOGRAPHY: www.ranbaxy.com www.moneyrediff.com www.moneycontrol.com www.myiris.com Investment and portfolio analysis; third edition, Prasana Chandra

Influences Of The Renaissance Upon The Founding Of America :: essays research papers

The Renaissance was the most influential time period in the discovery of America. During the Renaissance, which lasted from the 14th century to the 17th century, great advancements were made in methods of navigation. Also, the greatest goal of almost every nation and empire was to claim new lands and seize its riches. The desire for the land motivated some to move westward. Another motive to expand during the Renaissance was the will to convert the native "heathens" into Christians. The Renaissance, which began in Italy in the 1300s, was one of the largest periods of growth and development in Western Europe. Navigation was no longer limited to traveling about by land. Large fleets of ships were constructed, and great navigational schools, the best founded by Prince Henry the Navigator in Portugal, were founded. People were no longer tied to the lands they lived on, as they were in medieval times. They were freer to learn new skills and travel. These enabled people to go further than they had before. Fleets of ships were sent to the Eastern world to bring back treasures and valuable spices. Routes to Asia were traveled beginning in the early Renaissance. The most posing problems with the set routes to Asia, which went around the Cape of Good Hope and along the coast of Africa, were that it was very dangerous due to enemy colonies along the route and was also very long. These problems made some people, including Christopher Columbus, decide to turn to the west to find safer and faster routes to the riches of Asia. What they found was the Americas. Believing that he would reach Asia, Columbus accidentally found a new continent, full of new riches and unclaimed lands. All of this occurred near the end of the Renaissance, beginning with the founding of America in 1492, near the end of the 15th century. Europe flocked to this New World, and founded many colonies, including the Thirteen Colonies, founded by Great Britain, which later became the first states in the United States of America. From these colonies, they extracted the wealth of and gold and spices that they sought in Asia. Additionally, they would convert the native people of the lands to Christianity. Columbus saw himself as a messenger of G-d, who brought salvation to the natives by converting them. Missionaries were built wherever a colony was founded, and often along the route of an exploration.

Issues Concerning Islam Essay

Muslims have been accused of mutilating women. This practice, however, is denied by the followers of Islam. According to them, â€Å"Female Genital Mutilation† (FGM), which is actually a surgical procedure performed on girls before they reach the age of puberty for the purpose of terminating or reducing their sexual feelings, is not an Islamic practice. They explain that FGM is a tradition of â€Å"Animists, Christians, and [some] Muslims in those countries where FGM is common. † Women are given equal rights under Islam. In fact, the Qur’an decreed that when it comes to public life, men and women should have equal rights and participation. During the time of Muhammad, women were allowed to participate actively in their baya which is the equivalent of today’s practice of political endorsements. Evidence of this Muslim women’s status is the voting rights granted to women in the predominantly Muslim countries like Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman. The women in Kuwait followed suit by earning their right to vote and get elected sometime in 2005. In fact, Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah, Kuwait’s Prime Minister, divulged a plan to appoint a woman minister in Kuwait soon (Robinson, 2007). Muslims as terrorists and pro-violence Yusuf (n. d. ) said that majority of the Muslims are convinced that while the U. S. government has been blaming terrorism on Islam for years, it was the 9/11 incident which dealt the most telling blow on the credibility and reputation of their religion. This was because the international media was able to depict that many Muslims around the world rejoiced after that incident. The truth is, however, that majority of the Muslim world was saddened by that incident and the repercussions it caused. They would like to tell the world that terrorism is not an official policy of Islam and that, in fact, Muslims also consider terrorists as enemies of their religion. He laments the fact that When a crazy Christian does something terrible, everyone in the West knows it is the actions of a mad man because they have some knowledge of the core beliefs and ethics of Christianity. When a mad Muslim does something evil or foolish they assume it is from the religion of Islam, not because they hate us but because they have never been told by a Muslim what the teachings of Islam are all about. Yusuf blames this lack of Islamic knowledge among Christians to the fact that there is a dearth of credible spokespersons who could defend Islam from its attackers. As a matter of fact, Yusuf stressed that â€Å"Islam is the middle way between excess and neglect† and that terrorism is the preoccupation of zealots and extremists who are, in fact, a plaque of Islam. According to him, there are two types of Muslim extremists whose acts destroy Islam. The first he calls â€Å"reactionary extremists. † This group rejects any form of religious pluralism. According to these reactionary extremists, the world consists of good and evil with nothing in between. Good, according to them, means the reactionary extremists and all those who oppose their actions are evil. Yusuf further explains that these kind of extremists are in the habit of â€Å"excommunicating† other Muslims who reject the way they interpret the Qur’an. However, this kind does not usually resort to violent acts to achieve their goals. Instead, they employ character assassination or takfir to ward their critics (Yusuf, n. d. ). The second type is the â€Å"radical extremist. † These Muslims extremists, according to Yusuf, are the ones who resort to violent acts and tactics to further their objectives. Yusuf stressed that these Muslims act as if they belong to some secret, wicked society whose members believe in the dictum that â€Å"the end justifies the means. † In other words, any method, even the most violent method, is acceptable as long as their â€Å"cause† is advanced. According to Yusuf, this is destroying Islam because the methods employed by Islam should be reflecting the noble ends of the religion. Secondly, Islam is not a â€Å"secret society of conspirators† – rather, it is open with its objectives and traditions which have already been accepted and recognized by people from other religious denominations (Yusuf, n. d. ).

How to Use a Blog to Grow a Business or Professional Brand

How to Use a Blog to Grow a Business or Professional Brand The past decade has ushered in a new way of advertising through blogging, online content, and social media campaigns. If you own a business or are marketing a product or service, there really is no better way to drive traffic to your site than through a regular, content-rich blog. Blogs offer business owners and service providers a way to show their expertise, attract customers, and build rapport with existing customers through relevant content that is related to their industry or specialty.In tough economic times, business owners and service providers are seeking ways to cut costs while expanding their customer base. Blogging is an inexpensive marketing strategy that only takes a few minutes of your time but one that can have significant impact on your growing business. Whether you chose to hire a professional writer to do your blogging or write it yourself, there are a few key tips to keep in mind if you plan to use a blog to grow a business or professional brand.Keep it profession alThe biggest mistake most bloggers make when using a blog to grow a business or professional brand is to treat the blog with less professionalism than they would treat their website or other content marketing strategies. While a blog is certain a less formal way to market your services or expertise, it is still interaction with your customer base and should be treated as such. A lack of professionalism will likely reflect negatively on your company or brand.Keep it relevantHeres an example: If your business involves photography, your blog should be related solely to photography – not to your other personal interests, activities, or musings. However, a blog in this case would be an excellent way to share some of your out-of-studio photography work, some shots of your family or friends (for a more personal touch), or to talk about certain aspects of photography that attracted you to the art form in the first place. It is also an excellent venue to inform your customer base abo ut industry-related news or products. This allows your customers (both current and potential ones) to get a feel for what inspires you and your level of expertise in the industry, building trust and rapport. All of these things are good and essential in growing a business.Spell checkAnother aspect of professionalism is making sure your blog is free of spelling and grammar errors. This is why it always helps to have another person read over it before you publish. Sometimes, an extra pair of eyes reading over content is all that is needed to point out obvious mistakes that the writer may have missed or might not know is a mistake. Peer editing or hiring a professional editor should be a must for any content before it is published (not after!).If you cant get someone else to edit for you, spend as much time editing and proofreading your content as you spend writing it, if not more. Read over it several times and if you come across an issue that you arent sure about, look it up. Better to be safe than sorry later when someone informs you that you mis-typed or misused a particular word.Microblogging and social media sitesStarbucks used this marketing tactic to expand their business past a slump the company experienced in 2009. Microblogging is similar to status updates or tweets, but takes the concept further in encouraging customer interaction and feedback. Microblogging can be anything from short blog posts or status updates about new products and the latest information, to customer surveys and a forum that allows your customer base to interact with your company on a daily (or weekly) frequency. Its important, however, to keep this content fresh. Mix it up with pictures, video, commentary, and new product or service information. The more engaging your content, the more likely your audience will respond positively to it and seek your advice or expertise.An important thing to keep in mind with connecting your blog to other social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc., is to keep your blog the central point of activity where you write the content and connect the social media sites to it (such as a status update on Facebook that links directly to your blog posts). Think of the social media sites as a method of announcing a new blog post, rather than as in addition to your blog. The intent is to drive traffic to your blog, and ultimately, to your businesss website.Time it rightThere are trends in blogging that should be considered when you create a post. The ideal is to post when visitors are most likely to see your content. According to market research, the times people are most likely to be reading blog posts are Mondays at 11 AM ET.Link your blog to your websiteWhen you use tools like RSS feeds that link your blog posts to your website, this allows new, fresh content to be shown on your website daily. This step is vital because it vastly improves search rankings through relevant keywords.

Word Choice Continuous vs. Continual - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Continuous vs. Continual - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Continuous vs. Continual Continuous and continual are sometimes used interchangeably, but these words are not actually synonyms. Confusion is understandable, though: both continuous and continual come from the verb continue, and both are adjectives related to duration. There is, however, a subtle difference in their usage. Read on to learn more. Continuous (Without Interruption) The word continuous is an adjective that describes something as ongoing and uninterrupted. It is usually used when referring to a duration of time: The continuous sound of our neighbor’s clog dancing drove us mad. Continuous can also describe an uninterrupted spatial span: The Maginot Line was a continuous stretch of concrete fortifications. Continuous is the more common of the two words were examining, so it is more likely you will need this in most situations. Continual (Repeatedly) The adjective continual means that something happens repeatedly at intervals, rather than as one long, uninterrupted event. It would be used in a sentence like this: Peter hated the continual storms that blighted his childhood on the plains. This sentence refers to storms that occurred frequently and repeatedly, but there wasn’t one continuous, ongoing storm that lasted the entire length of Peter’s childhood. Continuous or Continual? Knowing the difference between these adjectives means that you will be able to use them with confidence in your writing. The basic facts to remember are: Something which is continuous happens without interruption. Something which is continual recurs, but with breaks between occurrences. If you would like some more guidance and advice about academic writing, or would like to have your own work checked through for errors and formatting, get in touch with the professionals at Proofed today!

Maus by Spiegelman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maus by Spiegelman - Essay Example In Spiegelman’s novel, Vladek is an attractive and resourceful young man living in Poland. He is a successful businessman married to the rich and talented Anja. According to Wood, Vladek and Anja had a brief courtship and were married in 1937, on Valentines Day (82) and had a son named Richieu. With the help of Anja’s father, Vladek is successful in his business pursuits until the German invasion of Poland changes the fate of Vladek and his family. As a reservist, Vladek is determined to fight for Poland against the German intrusion, albeit it is against his father’s wishes. As an inexperienced soldier, Vladek is captured in 1939 and taken to a Prisoners Of War (POW) camp together with other fighters. Spiegelman writes that the Germans claimed that the Jews are responsible for the wars in the camp (33). It is for this reason that they are separated from otherS and made to do more work. I think this is just an act of religious persecution, considering there were o ther people fighting for Poland and not just the Jews. When an opportunity comes up for any volunteers to replace German workers, Vladek takes up the chance. Through hard work and perseverance, Vladek is released to reunite with his family. Vladek is living with his in-laws in an extended family; nevertheless, life is no longer the same. Weine states that soon after, in 1943, Poland is divided into two sections and Jews are taken to Auschwitz and killed (29). Seeing the gravity of the situation, Vladek and Anja give Richieu to Anja’s sister so that she stay with him and her children at Zawierci. However, fearing that she and the children will be taken to Auschwitz, Anja’s sister kills herself and the children, including Richieu. One could understand that everyone in Poland was worried about their future and safety of their loved ones. However, the decision by Anja’s sister to kill herself and the children is not a solution for me. She could have at least waited and maybe she and the children could have survived the war. Vladek and Anja are hiding in a ghetto waiting for the situation to calm down. According to Spiegelman, one of Vladek’s and Anja’s friends escapes to Hungary and writes them a letter telling them that Hungary is safe (125). Together, Vladek and Anja are on their way to safety in Hungary but are both captured and taken to Auschwitz where they are separated. Weine writes that at Auschwitz, Vladek works very hard as a tinsmith, a shoemaker, and a â€Å"black worker† earning enough to feed himself (27). As the war comes to an end, Vladek is set free and he goes back to his home place in Sosnowiec, where he reunites with Anja who had been released earlier. It is a happy and miraculous reunion for Vladek and Anja, considering that everyone they knew had been killed in the war. To me, it sounds sort of fictional for the two to be the only ones to survive the war in their family. In the novel, it is apparent th at Vladek and Spiegelman do not have a good relationship. According to Wood, Spiegelman feels guilty of living a better life than his parents (79). The relationship between Vladek and Spiegelman has deteriorated since Anja took her own life. Anja committed suicide after the war, primarily because she had lost Richieu. Spiegelman is furious with his father for burning Anja’s dairies about the war, after her suicide. In my opinion, Vladek is not to blame for burning the diaries; maybe he just needed closure and did not want anything that reminded him of how Anja had given up on them. At the time

Legal Immigration in the European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Legal Immigration in the European Union - Essay Example The European Union has put into place immigration laws that have been approved by member states. With the constant threat of global terrorism member states are constantly on the lookout for possible terrorists that use the immigration laws to their advantage thus putting the population of the member states at risk. This paper explores the legal immigration legislation that the European Union has put into place. 1. Legal immigration as it appears in the European Legislation. The European Union has put into place legislation that attempts to regulate immigration and migration of workers. The economics and demographics of the European Union dictate managed migration. Obviously, the European Union does not want to encourage migration to areas within the Union that are currently economically depressed. It is in the best interest of member states to have immigration and migration managed to provide workers where there is a need for them. Still, with legislation in place, the Union has a problem with illegal migration, smugglers, and traffickers. The migrants seek work while the smugglers and traffickers make money off of the migrants. A. Persons from third countries are permitted entry into the European Union legally under many circumstances. ... It is well understood that the social well being of immigrants allows for social well being of the member states as well. Legal immigration can take the form of family reunification, long term resident status, student visas, and entry to researchers. The European Union also has guidelines, that member states are encouraged to follow, that include integration of immigrants into society, and 'best practices' for integration. The European Union has in place directives that combat illegal immigration, trafficking of illegals, and return of illegals to their country of origin when most practical. B. There are programs in place to assist member states in dealing with immigration issues such as ARGO (action program that assists with immigration issues), and INTI (an EU program that promotes integration of immigrants). C. The European Commission has installed legislation that governs legal immigration. Article 63(3) of the EC Treaty allows the European Union to draft and institute immigration policies that governs issues such as immigration and residency. The Amsterdam Treaty makes immigration an EU problem/responsibility. The Tampere European Council put into place agreements and legislation to consolidate immigration policies. Scoreboard is a program that follows implementation of immigration policies and reports status every six months. Finally, the treaty that created the European Union outlines the role of the European Commission. (EC of Justice and Home Affairs). 2. Discuss the recent legislations from the Amsterdam Treaty to 2007. Following the Maastricht Treaty (1993), which made immigration a common concern in the European Union, came the Amsterdam Treaty (1999) that put into

Teamwork Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teamwork Experience - Essay Example We developed a clear insight into the project in the first meeting and decided to analyze the case from our individual’s perspectives the results of which were discussed in the second meeting. The proceedings of the meeting were recorded by my partner and each of us received a copy. Though effective results were achieved due to the well organized meetings the teamwork did have its share of miscommunications. A meeting was cancelled as one of us failed to check the email informing the date and time of the meeting and conflicts arose due to our differential views about the case. For instance, my understanding of the case was that all the possible communication problems needs to be identified while my partner was for discovering only one particular communication problem and finding a solution. A compromise was achieved after various viewpoints and arguments were discussed. It was decided to list all the potential problems and to consult with the professor for a final decision. Our team work did suffer slightly due to this misinterpretation of our team goals. It was also decided that my partner would present the communication problems while I would focus on the possible solutions and the implementation plan of the case study. I conclude that it was a very effective teamwork and a good learning experience where tasks were distributed equally amongst us. The teamwork experience was enlightening and I am very sure that this would help me to act professionally whenever I am confronted with a similar situation in the

Ideas and Values Shape Who You Become in Society Essay Example for Free

Ideas and Values Shape Who You Become in Society Essay Most people strive to have a good social standing and the ideas and values they hold on to can often influence their place in society. Society dictates which ideas and values will be accepted and which will be rejected. The values that stick with us the most are usually taught to us as children and help to influence who we become. In Girl and Good People, the characters were raised to have religious values and to behave in a way that will make it easy for them to fit into their society. The main characters in these stories had their values imposed on them at a young age, and helped to shape who theyve become and how they behave in society. Read more: Good people by David Foster Wallace  essay Religion is a cornerstone for the characters in both stories. They are taught what is acceptable in their religion, in this case Christianity, and realize certain actions could alienate them from their social groups. In Girl, the girl is given specific instructions on how to behave, including dont sing benna in Sunday school (Kincaid, 120). She is taught that singing folk music on the Lords day is improper, and even though she doesnt sing benna on Sundays at all and never in Sunday school (120), she is explicitly told a few times not to do it. There, it is important for her to be on her best behavior. On Sundays she is shown she must try to walk like a lady and not the slut you are so bent on becoming (120) because how she is perceived on Sundays can be detrimental to her public image. In Good People Lane A. Dean Jr and his girlfriend Sheris values weigh heavily on their thoughts as they consider their options when making a momentous decision. The two are very religious and theyd prayed on it and talked it through from every different angle (Wallace, 152). They are worried about how their society will perceive them and if they are still good people if they go through with having an abortion and never really mention the word in conversation. Even  on the phone they speak in a kind of half code in case anybody accidentally picked up the extension (153). Neither of them goes to a friend or even religious leaders to talk about their situation, not Pastor Steve or the prayer partners at campus ministries, not his UPS friends or the spiritual counselling available through his parents old church (152) because they are ashamed. Specifically, Lane feels like he knew now why it was a true sin and not just a leftover rule from past society (152). In Girl and Good People, the main characters religious values have an affect on who they are in society, a good person or someone who gets to touch the bread (Kincaid, 121). Even though Lane Dean and Sheri had made the appointment, they were still uncertain of their decision. Lane knew he couldnt make up his girlfriends mind because he knew if he was the salesman of it and forced it upon her that was awful and wrong (Wallace, 152) and he knows it isnt his place to make a decision for her. However, he wishes he could know what Sheri is thinking and get her to open up and say enough back that he could see her and read her heart and know what to say to get her to go through with it (152). Sheri knows Lane Dean is a good person, and that he respects her enough to know he cannot force her to side with him, but he still wishes he could persuade her to have the abortion. Ultimately, it is Sheris decision to have the abortion, or cancel the appointment. Similarly, included in the long list of instructions in Girl is how to make a good medicine to throw away a child before it even becomes a child (Kincaid, 120), so the girl can decide for herself whether or not to have an abortion. Beside how to make medicine, the girl is taught other gender specific lessons that include cooking, sewing, laundry, and grocery shopping. She needs to learn how to sew in order to hem a dress so to prevent yourself from looking like the slut I know you are so bent on becoming (120) and looking indecent in public. All of these instructions are aimed to make it easier for the girl to find a husband by teaching her how you set a table for dinner with an important guest†¦ how to behave in the presence of men who dont know you very well (120). Understanding of gender roles and how to behave around men, or be a wife, are important lessons for the girl to learn in order to survive in her society. Class affiliation plays a role in the upbringing of the girl. She is instructed to wash the white clothes†¦ and put them on the stone heap(119) and when buying cotton to make yourself a nice blouse, be sure that it doesnt have gum on it(119-120) because it doesnt matter which social class she belongs to, she still needs to have clean, well-made clothes. Sewing is a useful skill for her, because she cannot afford clothes that are already made, or even premade fabric. Harsh words and phrases that are repeated throughout the story such as slut and wharf-rat boy accentuate the point that there is a certain way for her to behave in society and that if she acts like a slut or associates with wharf-rat boys, people will view her as being lower than them. Unlike the girl, Lane A. Dean Jr seems to belong to the upper middle class based on his name, and the fact that he attends junior college while living at home with his parents. He was named after his father, and perhaps this close affiliation with the patriarch of his family makes him apprehensive of confiding in his parents about his situation. He is close with his mother as well, and she thinks Sheri is good people†¦she made this evident in little ways (150). Lane is worried their decision and their sins mean they will no longer be viewed as good people to the people in their upper class society and knows Sheri can neither [have an abortion] today nor carry a child alone and shame her family (155). Trying to fit in to society, whether upper or lower class can be an arduous task with many lessons to learn and roles to play. Knowing your place and where you fit in determines your success. The ideas and values imprinted on youth to build character and deter bad behavior allow them to conform to society. Works Cited Mays, Kelly J. ed. _The Norton Introduction to Literature._ Portable 11th ed. New York: Norton, 2013. Print. Kincaid, Jamaica. Girl. Mays 119. Print. Wallace, David Foster. Good People. Mays 149. Print.

Varieties Of English Accents Cockney English English Language Essay

Varieties Of English Accents Cockney English English Language Essay Cockney English is probably the most commonly known variety of English in Modern day times. Cockney English is the type of English that is generally found in many movies so that directors can help the audience to distinguish between the working class and the upper, richer class when watching said movies. Although it is true that Cockney English is generally that which is spoken by the working class, Cockney English has a long and extensive history which most people know little about. The earliest record of the use of the word cockney was found in the book the Vision of William Concerning Piers Plowman By William Langland. The term cockney was first found in Middle English. It was created from two separate words, cocken meaning rooster and eye meaning egg. This then gave us the meaning of a small, deformed egg. The word then later experienced a change in spelling and appears as cockenay. This word as well as evolving and changing the word itself has also taken on new meanings. It now means a homosexual man, a timid person (milksop) or a child who is said to be childish. The idea for this word being used for a homosexual man continued and in 1521, it became a derogatory term for these people as well as for male prostitutes. Finally, in the 1600s, the word had another semantic shift and as far as history can tell, a shift in the way the word was spelt. It is now spelt as we know it to be now, cockney, and it is now used to describe those Londoners who are born in th e vicinity of Bow Bells. Bow Bells are those rang in the historic church of St Mary-le-Bow in London. In this time, it was said that for a person to be considered a true Cockney, they must live within earshot of these Bow Bells. Nowadays, the area in which people with Cockney accents are said to reside has not been clearly outlined by any historians. The belief, as stated in the previous paragraph, is that one must live in the vicinity of the famous Bow Bells. In todays society, it is now believed that the Cockney people are those of the working class and it is therefore believed that people with Cockney accents are the working class of London living in the east End of London. However, due to migration and emigration of people who have Cockney accents, a migration of the Cockney dialect has occurred. In the 18th century, the area in which people had Cockney accents was limited, but due to this Migration and emigration, the accent and its dialect has spread across not only London, but through other countries as well. Within a short amount of time during the 18th century, areas in London which had other dialect influences such as Kentish were taken over by this Celtic dialect. In todays society however, areas which were highly associated with Cockney English are slowly declining in their use of the dialect and the Cockney accent is slowly dying out due to the preference of the proper English dialect due to its higher level of classiness. Nevertheless, many of the idioms associated with Cockney such as the famous glottal stops and double negatives are still commonly used in todays society. People with Cockney accents are very distinct from those who have the more popular, general English accent. The Cockney accent itself also has very distinct features such as rhyming slang and the use of the double negative. Although it is believed that many of the word in Cockney accent were made up by the people with said accent, many of their words, like other languages, were borrowed from other languages including Yiddish, a dialect of High German. Words that were borrowed from Yiddish for example were Kosher meaning legitimate and Stumm meaning quiet. These words, although seeming meaningless, were an important part of the Cockney Dialect. Some of the more well known features of the Cockney accent are; the dropping of the letter R e.g. if a person is a sinner, if a person had a Cockney accent, they would be a sinna. Cockney English also includes the famous Glottal stop. This means that the consonant is stopped quickly and the speaker then moves straight to the vowel e.g. this can be found in the word uh-oh which people use in everyday life. The speaker cuts of the h consonant and move directly onto the o vowel. Another common feature of Cockney English is the changing of the th syllable to an F e.g. the word beneath becomes beneaf due to the changing of the th syllable. Another famous stylistic marker of Cockney English is the dropping of the consonant H. One of the more famous examples of this is in the musical My Fair lady when Eliza Doolittle calls Henry Higgins Enry Iggins due to her Cockney accent. An example of Cockney English that people still use today is the double negative e.g. I dont got no pens. The use of the words dont and no are both negative and therefore cancel themselves out. In the years of Shakespeare, the double negative was used in his performances for humour but in the Cockney accent, it was used unintentionally. People with Cockney accents were considered to be those of the working class and therefore had very little education. They used the double negative not knowing what they were doing. Nowadays, the double negative is considered to be a mistake. Rhyming slang, another feature of Cockney English is still known in todays society but not as well as it once was. Rhyming slang such as Dear Horse, Tomato Sauce is an example of rhyming slang. This idea of rhyming slang is slowly dying out of society and eventually will probably not be known at all. As time went on and the word Cockney experienced its final known semantic shift, the accent of Cockney was looked down upon by many people as it was believed to be the accent of the working class and therefore it was seen to be inferior to that of the proper, upper class accent. Cockney English was that which was spoken by the working class and homeless due to their lack of education. Nowadays, the Cockney accent as such is not longer looked down upon by people. It is now believed to be an important part of British culture. This was shown in a survey conducted on 2000 British people by Coolbrand in autumn of 2008. The Cockney accent was voted the equal fourth coolest accent, with 20% of the total votes. This shows that although people prefer the accent of the Queen, that of the upper class, people no longer believe that Cockney is an accent that should be looked down upon and therefore the Cockney accent should continue to live throughout society for many years to come.